National Health Care

: US HEALTH CARE POLICYINTRODUCTIONThe citizens of a boorish pay off the primary stuff of the res publica fol commencemented by the non- victuals- natural and conventionalised constituents that argon man made . These constituents involve , ho riding habits , cars , planes and alone infrastructural assets . The en strainle part of the whole story a country is that , these unlifelike constituents be those things that make life or living elicit and comfortable . What be obtains of a country whose citizen is not secured from unseen plenty . The organization leading the citizenry of a country , the semipolitical relation protests the duty of protecting the interest of its citizensIndustrialized countries pretend an organized wellness direction indemnity dedicated to ensure that all residents be in possession of reasonable introduction to medically demand hospital and medico services , on a pre gainful basis . This melody of thought helps and protects the life of citizens . This serves as an investment st enjoingy for the country . In light of this , take issueent countries adopt different polices . They differ in respect of financing deli very(prenominal) of wellness mission , and the role of brass . Everett R Rhoades , 2003 ) Today there be three primary models of wellness assistance . In a most tete-a-tete medical arrangement , workers and their dependents argon cover though private policy policy , even thought the damages orb(a)ly go by dint of employers . Government provides public policy programs for the not covered by public insurance . wellness apprehension is delivered broadly by private hospitals and dictators . Secondly there is a medical wellness portion stunned schema the mostly public . health awe is paid out of general taxation or pay roll taxes .It is provided by publically professed hospitals and salaried doctors . Examples of countries with such a governance allow Great Britain Sweden and Italy . The third model of wellness bang agreement is hybrid model . In such a arranging wellness attention is mostly publicly financed generally through and through pay roll taxes but it is delivered by private hospitals and doctors . Germ each , lacquer , France etc exhibit variants of this model(Amos L . Smith , 2003 ) The draw to retrieveher states the only western industrialize nation without a depicted object wellness bang administration . The wellness care policy in the unify States results from a combination of decisions and initiatives undertaken by various levels of government and private sector linked States has failed in this important sector . The country perseveres one of the world powers , with good and recommendable economic perceptual constancy . However , lacks a national health insurance dodging . The citizens suffer the consequenceWhile the U .S . has best medical establishment as defined by quick access to the latest technologies , by intimately every sepa consecrate value the U .S . health care system is failing badly . disrespect about(prenominal) decades of various cost containment initiatives , health care costs re master(prenominal) out of control . The 16 percent of GDP fagged on health care is double that of most new(prenominal) western nations , but despite these massive expenditures at least 40 million citizens are uninsured and consequently pick up no assurance of access to health care . The develop population , proliferation of new medical technologies and heightened expectations of a public furnish by promises of unlimited care by officials of both parties intensifies these problems . plainly attribute , the U .S . health system is not sustainableSome hardly a(prenominal) y ears ago , Harvard seekers Susan Starr and Rushika Fernandopulle set out to interview people without health care coverage for a book they where piece of writing , uninsured in the States .they talked to as m whatsoever kind of people as they could find , compile stories of untreated opinion and struggling exclusive m others and chronically injured laborers and the most general compliant they had was slightly teething . Gina a hair chest in Idaho whose husband worked as a freight omnibus at a chain store had a strange mannerism of keeping her mouth closed even when speak it turned out that she hadn t been able to fall in dental care for three categorys , and one of her front teeth was funky . Daniel a construction worker , pulled out his bad tooth with plyers , then there was Loretta , who worked night at a university research center in Mississippi and was missing most of her teeth . They will break off after a period and then you just grab a hold of them and they notch their way out , she explained to sheave it hurts bad , because the tooth achePeople without health insurance rich person bad teeth , because if you are paying for everything out of your own pocket , going to the dentist for a check up seems like a luxury . It isn t of course the loss of teeth that makes the eating of fresh fruits and vegetables difficult , and a diet heavier-than-air in soft processed foods exacerbates more serious health problems Like diabetes , the pain of tooth decay leads many people to use alcohol as a salve . And those struggling to get ahead the job market quickly find that the cleverness ness of bad teeth , and the self consciousness that results , raft become a major barrier if your teeth are bad , you are not going to get a job as a receptionist , say , or a cashier , you are going to be put in the back somewhere far from the public eye . what Loretta Gina , and Daniel render , the both authors tell us , is that bad teeth has come to be seen as a market of lamentable parenting , low educational achievement and slow faculty intellectual developing . They are an outward maker of caste (Jennifer E . et al , 2003 ) Almost everything we asked interviewees the first priority would be if the president turn out universal health coverage tomorrowThe US universal health care system according to the uninsured in America has created a group of people in America who more and more look different from others and suffer in ways that others do not . The leading cause of personal bankruptcy in the get together States is unpaid medical bills . Half of the uninsured own money to hospitals and a third are been pressured by collecting agencies . Children without health care insurance are slight in all likelihood to receive medical attention for serious injuries , for re legitimate ear infections or for asthma , lung-cancer patient without insurance are less(prenominal) probably to receive surgery , chemotherapy , or radiation treatments . look attack vitamins without health insurance are less likely to receive angiop go bady . People with pneumonia who don t get hold of health insurance are less likely to receive x-rays or consultations (Victor G . Rodwi ,2005 ) The decease rate in any given year for someone without health insurance is twenty-five per cent higher(prenominal) than for someone with insurance . Because the uninsured are sicker than the rest of us They can t get soften jobs , and because they can t get divulge jobs they can t afford health insurance , and because they can t afford health insurance they get even sicker(David R . Williams , 2003 ) superstar of the extensive mysteries of political life in the get together States is why Americans are so devoted to their health care system . Six in the past country-during the First World fight during the depression , during the Truman and Johnson systems in the senate in the nineteen -seventies , during the Clinton year s labour have been made to introduce some kind of universal cooperatet health insurance and severally snip the efforts have been spurned . Instead the united State opted for a make crusade system of increasing complexity and dysfunction Americans send 5 ,267 per capita on health every year , almost two and have times the change worlds median of 2 .193 . The additive expenditure comes to hundreds of one thousand millions of dollars a year . The State spends more than a thousand dollars per jacket crown per year-or close to four hundred meg dollars on health care related work and administration , whereas Canada for example , spend only three hundred dollars per capital and , of course every other country in the industrialized world ensures all her citizens Despite this extra hundreds of billions of dollars of America spends each year , it has forty five million people without any insuranceAmericas health care mess in part solely an accidentOf history . The fact that there have been six flak of Universal health coverage in the last ampere-second suggests that there has been support for the idea . and politics has incessantly got in way . In both Europe and the United States for example the push for health insurance was led in large part by organized labor . But in Europe the unions work through the political system fighting for coverage for all citizens . From the start health insurance in Europe was public and Universal and that created powerful political support for any attempt to expand benefits . In the United States , by contrast , the union work through the collective-bargaining system and as result could win health benefits only for their own members. Julian , 2003 ) health insurance in U .S . has eer been private and selective and any attempt to expand benefits has resulted in a paralyzing political battle over who could be added to insurance rolls and who ought to pay for those additionsThe United State of America is very great nation which have proved its greatness in almost all aspects of life . A national health care policy should not be a problem for US . The U .S . health care system has a presbyopic and distinguished history of innovation . Discoveries move from the laboratory judicatory to the bedside , as basic research results are translated into new judgment of diseases , better diagnostic tools and innovative treatments . At the same time , the health care system faces major challenges . health care spending and health insurance premiums continue to rise at rates a great deal higher than the rate of inflation . Despite spending over 1 .6 trillion on health care as a Nation , there are still serious concerns about preventable errors uneven health care quality , and poor communication among doctors hospitals , and many other health care providers involved in the care of any one person . The Institute of Medicine estimates that mingled with 44 ,000 and 98 ,000 Americans die each year from medical errors . legion(predicate) more die or have permanent stultification because of unfitting treatments mistreatments , or missed treatments in ambulatory settings . Studies have found that as much as 300 billion is spent each year on health care that does not make better patient outcomes - treatment that is unnecessary inappropriate , inefficient , or ineffectiveThey need a sound health care system that will be able to carter for all its citizens not selected fewer or rich leaving out the poor . The unify state has been committed to capableity and jurist for all its citizens . This aspect should be endorsed in the system as soon as possible so that it will join other countries like Canada and Netherlands. James A , 2005 ) Canada s health care system has been a work in progress since foundation . Reforms have been made over the past four decades and have continued to respond to changes deep shine medicine , and throughout the ordering The basic however , remain the same-universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided for the basis of need instead than ability to pay in contrast to US ( Fred J ,2005 ) Canada s health care system often referred to as Medicare is knowing to ensure that all resident have reasonable access to medically necessary possible and services Based on the facts the Medicare is up and doing , their average life expectancy in Canada is better than in the states (Victor G , 2005 ) even the infant death deathrate rate is nothing compared to that of Canada . An estimated 2 million babies die within their first 24 hours each year worldwide and the United States has the second worst newborn deathrate rate in the developed world same applies to Netherlands . During the period of 19980-2004 Dutch health-care policy is marked by a peculiar combination of increasingly stringent cost-containment policies alongside a persistent pursuit of market-oriented reforms . The main goal of cost containment was to keep labor costs down under the restriction of universal equal access to health care . Supply and price control policies were quite undefeated in achieving cost containmentThe outcome in France has been that a very high standard of care is accessible to everyone without the waiting lists that characterize the NHS . France has a reputation for central direction but french healthcare is establish on a compromise between egalitarianism and liberalism . All citizens are said to be equal yet , choice and competition are fiercely protect . In France , item-by-items can identify on their pay slips how much they are paying and form a view about whether the cost is justified . Consequently , the standard of care guaranteed by the state reflects the personal preferences of people who are self-sufficient through work . And it is this high standard of care which is made available to all . France performs well on almost all health status measures , and when the World Health Organization ranked the world s healthcare systems in 2000 , France came top of the league . Compulsory health insurance covers the whole population . Premiums are charged as a percentage of income and the including the employer s and employee s contribution .

In the last few historic period the regime has reduced the emphasis on payroll department contributionsIn attempt to compare the United States health care system with other industrialized countries , one would realize that despite spending on health care more than most countries . The United States is often ranked below , Iceland , franc , japan , Italy , Sweden and many others . The united state spends 16 of its gross domestic products on health care . Compared with other countries , the state is ranked near nookie on life expectancy and last on infant fatality rate . In addition barely half of Americans are getting the recommended health preventive care . In terms of chronic care it is evident that two conditions , diabetes and high inventory pressure are not well controlled they could move up to the benchmark of higher performance , they could save up to 2 billion a year in health care expenditures and up to 40 ,000 lives spirit expectancy and infant mortality are widely use as measures of a health care system because doing so serves an ideological agenda of greater government involvement in health careLife expectancy and infant mortality are powerful tools for those who support some form of socialize medicine . On those measures the United States fares worse than all other industrialized nations . Most other industrialized nations have some form of government-run , universal health insurance . Thus , the reason out goes America s inferior performance on life expectancy and infantmortality is due to its heavy reliance on a system of private sector careThe United States has the potential to substantially improve its population health in the future . No like index to this study compares the United States to other nations , but individual measures do show what other countries have already achieved and thus indicate the potential for the United States . For example , the infant mortality rates in several countries are substantially less than the rate in the United States , including Hong Kong (3 .1 deaths per 1 ,000 live births , lacquer (3 .4 deaths , Sweden (3 .4 deaths , France (4 .3 deaths , Germany (4 .5 deaths , Spain (4 .5 deaths , Czech Republic (4 .6 deaths , Italy (5 .1 deaths , Canada (5 .3 deaths , Australia (5 .7 deaths , the United realm (5 .8 deaths ) and Cuba (6 .4 deaths . The goal for the United States , as established by hygienic People 2010 , is 4 .5 deaths per 1 ,000 live births an aggressive target that requires substantial advantage from current rates in the next six yearsAnother , broader measure used to compare health in countries is Healthy Life Expectancy . This is the basic indicator of population health used by the World Health Organization . This indicator measures the uniform number of years in full health that a newborn child can expect to live based on the current death rates and on the current rates of illness and disability . Improvement in firm life expectancy is also the first goal of Healthy People 2010 for the United States . Today , 28 countries have good life expectancies that exceed the United States , including the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , France , Germany and japan . The highest , Japan , exceeds the United States by more than five years meaning that the average newborn child in Japan can expect to have more than five additional years in which to enjoy a healthy , wide awake lifeThe difference in the average life expectancy rate in U S is far apart that of other industrialized countries . For example Netherlands had an average life expectancy rate of 531 .2 deaths per 100 .000 residents last year while the United States record a 652 .3 deaths per 100 .000 residents .similarly other countries like Canada , U K had 725 .2 per 100 .000 residents and 725 .2 deaths per 100 .000 residents last year severally , last yearFor example , in 2004 most people in UK paid a flat fee of 11 .75 for a single drug prescription regardless of the cost (Average cost of health service was 20 .40 in 2002 ) funding comes from a hypothecated health insurance tax and from general taxation . Private health services are also available . Regarding infant death mortality , US recorded 9 .3 deaths per 1000 births in the year 2005 , while else where , like in Netherlands , Canada , United Kingdom recorded 4 .4 , 5 .6 , 5 .6 deaths per 1000 births respectively .CONCLUSIONThe greatness of the United State that is reflected in its unique strategies in management in the areas of finance , human resources , infrastructure , and well-being- equation between the rich and the poor . The status of the united states , the national health insurance policy need to be put in place that would cover all it citizens (the rich and the poor . This will further improve the general health living condition of its citizens that will meet the standard of other industrialized countries . After all the country can not be sound without sound minds - health wiseSOURCES1 . David R . WilliamsThe Health of manpower : Structured Inequalities and OpportunitiesAm J worldly concern Health : print by the American universal Health Association 2003 93 :.7262 . Amos L . SmithHealth Policy and the Coloring of an American Male Crisis : A placement on Community-Based Health ServicesAm J macrocosm Health : create by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7513 . Gabe FeldmanDeath of a Senator : Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in 20th-Century US SenatorsAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7714 . Everett R . RhoadesThe Health Status of American Indian and Alaska Native MalesAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7745 . Jennifer E . DeVoe , George E . Fryer , Robert Phillips , and Larry GreenReceipt of handicap Care among Adults : Insurance Status and Usual Source of CareAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7866 . Julian Chun-Chung Chow , Kim Jaffee , and Lonnie SnowdenRacial / heathenish Disparities in the Use of Mental Health Services in Poverty AreasAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7977 . Baiju R . Shah , Nadia Gunraj , and Janet E . HuxMarkers of Access to and Quality of Primary Care for prime People in Ontario , CanadaAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2003 93 :7988 . Victor G . Rodwin and Leland G . NeubergInfant Mortality and Income in 4 World Cities : New York , London , Paris and TokyoAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2005 95 :899 . Fred J . Hellinger and Gary J . YoungHealth Plan indebtedness and ERISA : The Expanding Scope of State LegislationAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2005 95 :22310 . James A . Gordon , Jennifer A . Emond , and Carlos A . Camargo , JrThe State Children s Health Insurance Program : A Multicenter Trial of Outreach through the speck DepartmentAm J Public Health : published by the American Public Health Association 2005 95 : 251 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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