Customs of Scotland

Intermarriage has helped to blur the banknote between ethnic categories, and today the Scots are integrity people. The modern population moves freely among the three main geographic regions and the Orkney and Shetland islands.

Farming, the traditional manner of earning a living in Scotland, is go down as people are moving from the rural areas into urban areas. In fact, since the end of the 18th century, there has been a blotto drift from the country to town. Unfortunately, much of Scotland's rural past is in ruins. Derelict cottages and ruined farmsteads are noticeable throughout the Highlands, the westward islands, and the Border country. Such is a typical modern trend, as young people choose not to accept the wicked life of farming and the scarcity of opportunity in the discriminate areas mentioned. As an encyclopedia entry points out, "Many small communities, especially in the western Highlands and islands, consist almost entirely of aged people. Increasingly tourism is the major industry in these beautiful, alone remote, pockets."

One event was instrumental in uniting the Highlanders and Lowlanders in a single cause: the crofting exhilaration of the 1880s. Crofters, or tenants who bring in crofting, or farming a small enwrap field, had become overcrowded relative to the amount of farmable land in the Highlands at the turn of the 19th century. Landowners who would prefer to raise sheep,

This passage from another encyclopedia entry gives a good background of crofter's rights:

Encyclopedia Britannic, Inc. "United Kingdom" entry. dough: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1985.

In the eighteenth century, Scotland emerged [as a civilization stillness full of] newness. The Scottish character ... has an extraordinary combination of realness and reckless sentiment. The sentiment has passed into popular legend. The Scots seem to be proud of it, and no wonder. Where, but in Edinburgh, does a romantic landscape come right into the center of town? provided it's the realism that counts and that made eighteenth-century Scotland--a poor, remote, and semi-barbarous country--a force in European civilisation.

parliamentary agitation by the crofters, who voted for the first time in 1885, and by their lowland sympathizers, as well as sporadic outbursts of personnel beginning in 1882 (the "Crofter's War"), secured an act of 1886 which gave the crofter's security of land tenure and empowered a Crofter's Commission to fix fair rents ... the crofting agitation soon died down, but it was a key stage to a forging of a modern Scottish consciousness in that Highlanders and Lowlanders had been united in the struggle.

and later, deer, attempted to push crofters off the land. By the 1880s, Highland tenants (crofters) faced the problem of deer forests replacing sheep runs as the most immediately profitable land use rotate to landowners. High rents were asked for the land that was still worked as crofts, though reciprocal grazings might at the same time be taken away.

Shenker, Israel. In the Footsteps of Johnson and Boswell: A Modern Day Journey done Scotland. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982.

Clark goes on to name some major ethnic figures prominent in Scottish history: Adam metalworker (an economist), David Hume (a philosopher), and Joseph Black and James Watt (discoverers of steam heat). Clark also describes the town of Edinburgh as "one of the finest piece
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